EDITOR'S BLOG
DEALING WITH SATURATION
On natural grass sports pitches
by TurfPro Editor, Laurence Gale MSC, MBPR
 
Laurence Gale MSC, MBPR

This spell of prolonged wet weather has not only caused local flooding in some parts of the country, but has over time caused saturated ground conditions on many grass roots sports facilities, often rendering them unplayable. 

 


I recently read Mark Hunt's weather blog - always a good catch up on what’s happening with the weather fronts in the UK.

 

Mark said “January 2026 will go down alongside December and November 2025 as a truly dull and dreary month with very high amounts of rainfall. In particular the south coast, southwest of England, Wales and The North West have been in the firing line. Further north there has been a significant amount of winter snow. The only positive I can draw on is that at least we have recovered a significant % of depleted water reserves from last year’s drought.” 

 


The UK experienced well above-average rainfall in January, with parts of the UK recording exceptionally high totals. Northern Ireland saw about 195.6 mm - around 70 % above its long-term average. While the UK as a whole had significantly higher than normal rainfall, with southern England among the wetter areas. 


This spell of prolonged wet weather has not only caused local flooding in some parts of the country, but has over time caused saturated ground conditions on many grass roots sports facilities, often rendering them unplayable. 


Managing saturated sports fields is about protecting turf health, maintaining playability, and preventing long-term soil damage. Best practice combines immediate controls, short-term remediation, and long-term drainage/soil strategies.
It often beggar’s belief that we are still seeing poor groundsmanship practices being carried out during inclement weather conditions. It often comes from people not understanding the consequences of their actions. 

 


Many of these postponements could be prevented if clubs were to invest more into their pitches, both during the construction phase and post construction, and having a robust maintenance regime in place. 


However, for many natural soil-based pitches it is more about the lack of maintenance and understanding about the type of pitches being managed. Understanding your soils, and how to manage them, will go a long way to producing a decent playing surface. 


Understanding soils and an understanding of the soil’s physical properties has always been important for professional turf managers when making decisions about maintenance operations and when carrying out reconstruction works. 


Soils can vary in many ways, both physically and chemically, on a local or regional scale. This soil variability gives rise to all the different types, universally classified by soil texture composition. Soil composition (soil texture) is determined predominantly by mineral particles and organic matter content and can be classified by the percentage of sand, silt and clay mineral particle content. The Soil Texture Triangle, as shown on the image above, helps us classify the soil type, these percentages are determined by undertaking a PSD, particle size distribution analysis. 


The definition of soil texture is the relative proportion of sand, silt or clay in a soil. Most soils contain a mixture of different soil particles. The particles and the soil's structure determine the pore spaces. A soil with a high proportion of coarse sand will contain large pore spaces and drain quickly, whereas a soil having finer sand, silt or clay particles will contain smaller pore spaces, and therefore will drain more slowly. 


The strength and permeability of any soil is determined by its structure, soil type, drainage capacity and how well it is managed. Soils will perform differently, governed by the amount of water, root mass and air there is in the soil matrix. Most pitch problems are caused when soils are saturated and compacted. When saturated, a soil is said to be at its maximum retentive capacity; that is, all soil pores are filled with water. 


Saturation usually occurs for short periods of time, either during heavy rainfall events or when soil is being irrigated. Firstly, we need to understand what problems are facing turf professionals when pitches become flooded and remain saturated for long periods of time. 

 


Once a pitch becomes saturated, that is to say all the pore (air) spaces in the soil profile remain filled with water, then we are in a situation of the pitch being in a poor state and will be prone to damage. 


However, the main contributing factor that reduces and damages pore spaces in soil is compaction - caused by compression forces, normally associated with play and use of machinery, particularly during wet weather periods. 


Over time, these compression forces reduce the pore spaces so that air, water and nutrient flow through the soil profile is restricted, leading to many problems associated with compaction. The heavier the soil the longer it will take for the pitch to dry out; sandy soils are more free draining than heavy loam or clay soils and, therefore, will dry out more quickly. 


Drainage 


Having an effective pitch drainage scheme will help. Most modern pitches tend to have primary and secondary drainage systems installed. These systems aid the removal of surface water quickly and tend to keep the pitches playable in periods of wet weather. 

 


However, the effectiveness of any drainage system can be compromised over time when the drain runs become capped; it is important to retain a link between the drains and the playing surface. This will be achieved by regular aeration work and the application of topdressings. 


Ideally, clubs should be putting on at least 40-60 tonnes of sand per pitch each year. This not only keeps the playing surface free draining, but also helps to restore levels. 


Playing on saturated pitches will bring disastrous results. It is often better to postpone a fixture rather than ruin the playing surface for the rest of the season. Scrummage and line out play are the main causes of damage on rugby pitches during wet weather periods. 


The severity of the damage will be dependent upon the soil type and the ability of the top 100mm to drain quickly. It is important that, once the game has finished, remedial work is carried out to repair divots and stand the grass back up. 
Care should be taken not to further damage the pitch by trying to get machinery on when it is wet and saturated. Brain Sandals in his Turfcare Blog has recently produced an article that gives good advice on Maintaining winter pitches


Aeration should be carried out on a regular basis when weather and soil conditions allow. You may contribute to surface deterioration if you aerate during bad weather when the surface is saturated and likely to smear; timing is the key to successful aeration. 


There is a wide range of professional aerators for use on winter turf pitches, available as walk-behind, ride-on, trailed or tractor mounted. To alleviate these compacted layers, we need to consider a range of different techniques and equipment that can encompass the different types of playing surfaces. The main aim of aeration is to penetrate the soil profile to create new macro pore space. 

 


This is achieved by several methods:

  • Solid tine – Verti drain type vertical punch aerators
  • Hollow/coring tines that remove soil cores from the soil
  • Trailed outfield Multi tine spikers (knife / solid tines)
  • Disc/blade implements (linear aerators / Soil recyclers.
  • Compressed air aerator systems

It is essential to use a variety of aeration techniques to prevent pan layers being created. 


This usually happens if you continue to use the same aeration technique set at the same depth, resulting in a compacted layer forming at the base of the tine or core depth. Most turfgrass managers will, therefore, vary the methods of aeration by changing the depths, size and diameter of tines. 


To help grass roots sports clubs with potential funding to improve their facilities or buy essential machinery the GMA launched The Pitch Advisory Service, formerly the Grounds and Natural Turf Improvement Programme, that was originally launched in 2014 and is funded by Sport England and the Football Foundation, working in association with the ECB, RFL and RFU. 


The aim of the Pitch Advisory Service is to raise the standards of sports surfaces as well as the understanding of sports turf management practices among grassroots sports clubs across England. 

 


Some tips and maintenance regimes to help restore and prevent damage to saturated sports pitches 

  • Immediate / In-Season Management to prevent compaction and surface damage will include postponing matches/ fixtures when standing water is present. 
  • Refrain from trying anything to get the match on, keep off your pitches until the surface water has drained away.
  • Rotate activities to less-used areas (sidelines, warm-up zones). Use portable goals and movable training grids. Rope off chronically wet areas. There are several aids to remove surface water, Squeegees, pumps, or slit drains to move water off the surface.
  • Short-Term Agronomic Actions to aid recovery will be centred on aeration work to help drain water away, relieve compaction and restore oxygen to the rootzone.
  • Sand topdressing, Light, frequent applications will help to dilute organic matter and improve surface porosity.
    Maintain a healthy sward, the grass plant is one of the most efficient water pumps, keep on top of weed growth and regular overseed to maintain a dense sward.  
  • Medium–Long Term actions are centred around improved surfaceand sub surface drainage techniques, regular deep aeration with either a linear or solid tine spiker.
  • Reduce thatch and organic matter via controlled hollow-tining and application of sand dressings.
  • Install lateral drains (pipe and gravel) tied into an outlet. Slit drains can be effective where full reconstruction isn’t feasible.

 

Let’s all hope we get some better weather soon, longer daylight hours, some Easterly winds and some late winter sunshine to dry up these saturated pitches.

NEWS
PROFESSIONAL LEADERSHIP PROGRAMME TO LAUNCH
In September this year
 
Professional leadership programme

In our first WEB ONLY story, the trade association says the scheme marks a significant step forward in their commitment to developing confident, capable leaders.

 


COMMERCIAL MOWER BRANDS REACQUIRED
By original founder
 
Mowers reacquired

In our next WEB ONLY story owner says reacquisition allows them to react to changing market requirements and accelerate the next phase of its evolution.

 


JENKINS GROW COMMERCIAL OFFERING
Add new brand to portfolio
 
Emyr and Howell Jenkins with Adam Butler

Dealership says they have actively been seeking out a quality franchise to allow them to service the requirements of the golf market.

 


Baroness UK have appointed Jenkins Garden Machinery to their dealer network.

 

L-R: Charlie Wilson (Jenkins GM), Paul Watson (Baroness), Emyr Jenkins (Jenkins GM), Howell Jenkins (Jenkins GM), Adam Butler (Baroness)

 

From their depot in Llanelli, the family-run firm will be responsible for the sales, service and support of the full Baroness professional range to customers in the Swansea (SA) postcode. 


Founded in 2010, Jenkins Garden Machinery offer a comprehensive range of ride-on and hand-held equipment for both the professional and domestic market. Baroness becomes the latest in a growing list of brands within their expanding commercial portfolio, bringing the full range of pedestrian and ride-on mowers and maintenance implements to golf courses and sports venues from Port Talbot and Llandovery in the east, to Pembroke and Aberystwyth on the west coast. 


Emyr Jenkins, managing director of Jenkins Garden Machinery, said, “Our strategy over the last few years has been to grow our commercial offering. As we have moved more and more into this area of the market, we have actively been seeking out a quality franchise to allow us to service the requirements of the golf market in South and West Wales. We have been in talks with Baroness for a while and following our visit to their facility in Basingstoke we were convinced that this was the right move for us.” 


He added, “Their attitude to aftersales and quality mirrors our own business giving us confidence that this will be a solid partnership for the future.”


Echoing the positive sentiments, Baroness area sales manager Paul Watson said, “We are delighted to welcome Jenkins Garden Machinery to the Baroness dealer network. From the first meeting they impressed us all with their professional attitude and enthusiasm to provide the right solution for their customers. With the expert support of Emyr and the team, we are excited to bring our product to an area where Baroness haven’t had specific coverage for some time.”  

SOMERSET FA AGREES NEW PARTNERSHIP WITH LOCAL DEALER
To improve county’s football facilities
 
Dan Eustice with Jon Funnell

The partnership will see the company support improvements to football facilities across the county.

 


Somerset FA has agreed a new partnership which will see Masons Kings become the organisation’s new trusted machinery partner.

 

Dan Eustice from Somerset FA pictured with Jon Funnell from Masons Kings at Taunton Town’s Cygnet Health Care Stadium. 


The partnership will see the dealership support improvements to football facilities across the county. Alongside clubs being able to select the right equipment for their pitches, all machines will be security-protected by tagging, or by fitting Thatcham-approved devices.


Clubs will also benefit from site surveys and recommendations, as well as workshops and demonstrations from Masons Kings. Support will be provided for grant applications and aftercare services to get the most out of their machinery. 


Dan Eustice, marketing and commercial lead at Somerset FA, said, “We are excited about our new partnership with Masons Kings and are confident that it will deliver real value to clubs, ensuring their grounds are well-maintained, their investment protected, and their teams fully supported. Masons Kings is already working with several clubs, including Taunton Town.”


Jon Funnell, area sales consultant for Masons Kings, said, “We are delighted to be part of this flourishing partnership. We are both committed to providing high-quality, safe, and sustainable playing surfaces across the county. We are excited for the future of this partnership and to work with more clubs across Somerset.”

TWO CITY ROTATION PLAN
Announced by trade show
 
Equip '25

Organisers say the new pattern gives attendees and exhibitors the ‘best of both worlds’ for access, experience, and programming.

 


Organisers of the Equip Exposition, the international landscape, outdoor living, and equipment trade show, have announced plans for a two-city rotation beginning in 2029 - that they say will "expand global access with direct international air traffic and new venue choices for attendees and exhibitors as well as enhancing outdoor demonstration opportunities in its longtime host city."


Equip Exposition will be held at the Orlando County Convention Center in Orlando, Florida, October 10-12, 2029, with shows in 2031 and 2033. The trade show will be in Louisville in 2028, 2030, and 2032.


“This rotation gives our exhibitors and attendees the best of both worlds,” said Kris Kiser, President of the Outdoor Power Equipment Institute, which owns and manages Equip. “Orlando has space for our members to host dealer meetings, provides additional co-location opportunities, and offers expanded venue choice for exhibitor and attendee programming. The rotation also allows us to work with Louisville on enhancing their unique outdoor demo area - the only venue of its kind in the country.” 

 


The 2025 show expanded to 1.2 million square feet and drew nearly 30,000 registered attendees from all 50 states and 52 countries, marking an attendance and net square footage record for the fourth year in a row. You can watch plenty of video coverage from last year's show in Service Dealer's Digital Special Report.


“This planned two-city rotation builds on Equip’s tremendous growth trajectory. Our transformation of Equip has unlocked enormous value for both attendees and exhibitors,” said Kris. “We’ve created a platform where industry professionals can see thousands of products, test real-world equipment, and make critical business connections.” 


Equip 2026 will be held October 20-23 in Louisville. OPEI and Equip have already initiated conversations with local partners, including Louisville Tourism and Kentucky Venues, about enhancing and expanding the show’s Outdoor Demo Yard experience at the Kentucky Exposition Center (KEC).


“Louisville has been our home for 42 years - this is where Equip began. We’re proud of that history, and the extraordinary Southern hospitality the city has shown our attendees over four decades,” Kris said. “We’re excited about the changes coming to the KEC that will ultimately make the event better for attendees and exhibitors. The outdoor space truly is a one-of-a-kind experience.” 

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PREVIOUS FEATURES
EDITOR'S BLOG ARCHIVE
Catch up with Laurence Gale's recent blogs
 
TurfPro editor, Laurence Gale

Want to catch up with one of editor Laurence Gale's blogs? Here is the place to do so.

 


TURFPRO FEATURE ARCHIVE
Find our previous features here
 
TurfPro Feature Archive

If you want to catch up with any of TurfPro's previous features, here is the place to do so.


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SUSTAINABILITY AT THE SHARP END
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TIME FOR ACTION
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THAT WAS THE YEAR THAT WAS
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ENVILLE ON THE UP
Major investments taking place

 

GREEN FLAG AWARDS 2019
A great success

 

U.S PROFESSIONAL EQUIPMENT SHOW EXCELS
Buoyant GIE+EXPO

 

LEGACY OF THE SOLHEIM CUP
At Gleneagles

 

A DAY OUT WITH THE LADIES
Behind the scenes at the Solheim Cup

 

COVENTRY UNIVERSITY'S EDIBLE GARDEN SUCCESS
2006 - present

 

HAIL THE GRASS MASTERS!
Boorish media comments about pitch quality are wide of the mark

 

CONTRACTOR SEES MULTI-DISCIPLINE SUCCESS
360 Ground Care serving professional facilities

 

BUSY TIMES
Judging the Green Flag Awards

 

TAKING AN INTEGRATED APPROACH
What does it all mean in managing turf surfaces?

 

UNDER PRESSURE
Dry weather conditions continue to keep turf managers focused on moisture management

 

EDDIE SEAWARD
Death of Wimbledon’s influential grounds manager

 

MAJOR NEW IRRIGATION PROJECT
At Top 100 classic Berkhamsted Golf Club

 

NEW HORIZONS FOR THE HATTERS
Investment paying off at Kenilworth Road

 

ELIZABETHAN RESTORATION
At Castle Bromwich Hall Gardens

 

WHAT IS BIOPHILIA?
The vital impact of parks and green spaces on health and well-being

 

WORM CONTROL
Without carbendazim

 

THE TRUE COST OF PETROL
Battery-powered outdoor power tools are now turning the heads of professionals

 

SANDS OF TIME
Sand-based pitches are now the norm in professional sports

 

WHY DO WE DO THE RIGHT THING?
We must maintain industry standards

 

CHASING GRASS PERFECTION?
11 things you need to know . . .

 

MAINTAINING STANDARDS
Q&A with BASIS ceo, Stephen Jacobs

 

STRI RESEARCH DAY 2018
Hosted at research trial grounds in Bingley

 

THE MECHANIC
Leicester City FC invest in new role

 

LORD'S 'GRASS-GUVNOR' TO RETIRE
Mick Hunt bows out after 49 years

 

HOLLOW CORING & DEEP SCARIFICATION
Is it really necessary?

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STATE OF PLAY
GOLFERS' EXPECTATIONS ARE THE MAIN CHALLENGE
Says Damian Wormald of Silkstone Golf Club
 
Damian Wormald

In our next State Of Play interview we hear from Damian Wormald of the prestigious golf destination in South Yorkshire renowned for its meticulously maintained parkland course and year-round playing conditions.

 


To kick off 2026, TurfPro has asked a series of prominent figures to offer their thoughts on the industry's current State Of Play.

 

 

Damian Wormald serves as a dedicated greenkeeper at Silkstone Golf Club, a prestigious 18-hole championship golf destination in South Yorkshire renowned for its meticulously maintained parkland course and year-round playing conditions.

 

Damien’s greens team is recognised for delivering course presentation that meets both member expectations and championship-level standards. 


With a strong commitment to turf quality and sustainable course management, Damian plays an integral role in the daily care and conditioning of all turf surfaces across the golf course. His responsibilities include the precise mowing and presentation of greens, tees and fairways, the implementation of irrigation and drainage programmes, bunker and rough maintenance, seasonal aeration and top-dressing operations, and the careful monitoring of turf health. He consistently applies agronomic best practices to ensure optimal playing conditions in all seasons, balancing traditional greenkeeping techniques with modern approaches to turf management.


Damian’s professional ethos centres on attention to detail, respect for the playing surface, and a passion for outdoor work. He is committed to ongoing professional development in sports turf management and regularly engages with industry best practice, complying with environmental and agronomic standards in modern course maintenance.

 

Q1. What has been the product, machine or innovation that has helped you most in your career?

 

Machinery-wise I would say the Vertidrain. All we had when I first started was a tractor-mounted slitter to aid drainage and ease compaction. The Vertidrain was a revelation. Product wise the introduction of soil biology. This has no doubt helped in thatch reduction and promotion of perennial grass species. 

 

Q2. What are the most challenging issues facing the industry?

 

Firstly, the main challenge is the expectations of the golfer with the definite change in climate, the reduction in resources and the fight for new members. Secondly, the lack of suitably qualified and experienced greenkeepers actually wanting to properly greenkeep. 

 

Q3. What are your thoughts on our current trade show scene?

 

Trade shows are adequate. The seminars are the star, with some real quality speakers these days.

 

Q4. What would you like to see in terms of collaboration across industry organisations?

 

I would like more interaction between different organisations, but sadly I don't believe it will happen. There is still the Greenkeeper vs Groundsman divide.

 

Q5. What changes would you like to see made to improve the industry?

 

In the golfing press I personally would like to see more articles on the forgotten and smaller golf clubs which struggle every year for members, using old machinery, surviving on small budgets but yet again delivering fantastic playing conditions. Following on from that, giving greenkeepers from these types of clubs chance to go on volunteer work at Open Championships and a chance at R&A scholarship and FTM programmes. These places are unfortunately usually filled by greenkeepers from the more upmarket golf courses.


Give these greenkeepers a chance. You maybe surprised.