Fields in Trust research report "Revaluing Parks and Green Spaces"
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A presentation on the Fields in Trust research report "Revaluing Parks and Green Spaces" at the Valuation in Practice event Tuesday 4th December Alison McCann Fields in Trust Dr Ricky Lawton Jump X Simetrica full report at: http://www.fieldsintrust.org/revaluing
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Fields in Trust research report "Revaluing Parks and Green Spaces"
- 1. Revaluing Parks and Green Spaces Valuation in Practice 4th December 2018
- 2. MISSION Green Spaces for Good 2 Fields in Trust champions and supports our parks and green spaces by protecting them for people to enjoy in perpetuity. Because once green spaces are lost, they are lost forever. VALUES
- 3. NEW STRATEGY Green Spaces for Good 3 Parks and green spaces are not simply nice to have; they are a necessity for healthy, happy communities positively impacting on a range of key wellbeing issues from physical and mental health to social cohesion. Places where we can all move, breathe, run and play
- 4. WHAT WE DO Green Spaces for Good 4
- 5. NEW RESEARCH Green Spaces for Good 5 » Robust economic valuation of parks and green spaces. » HM Treasury Green Book approved methodology to measure the value of non- market goods. » Business case to demonstrate the value of parks and green spaces to counter the cost.
- 6. Green Spaces for Good 6 »Evidence led approach to our new strategy »Innovative survey design: Online general population survey: Respondents identify a single local park within 20 mins of their house, and provide details (name of park, size, facilities, landscape features etc). Ensures robust link between WTP value and the parks they actually use. »Demonstrate our impact with reliable data »External policy drivers eg. CLG Select Committee Parks Inquiry »Need to influence decision makers e.g. reducing the loss of parks and green spaces DELIVERING IMPACT
- 7. REVALUING PARKS AND GREEN SPACES Green Spaces for Good 7 “Effective public policy requires a strong evidence base to support it. Fields in Trust’s report places a financial value on the wellbeing generated by parks and green spaces to enable informed choices to be made about the importance of the continued provision of these non- statutory services.” Lord Gus O’Donnell Former Cabinet Secretary
- 8. Green Spaces for Good 8 A green space exists This has natural capital value People use that space to walk, talk, run and improve their lives People who don’t use the green space nevertheless value the fact that others can use it The use (and non- use) of green space has an impact on our wellbeing and life satisfaction This improvement in wellbeing helps the UK economy by improving health (savings on NHS) = £ per person (NHS savings) = £ per person (WTP Value) = £ per person (Wellbeing Value) THE LOGIC CHAIN OF GREEN SPACE IMPACT
- 9. CONTINGENT VALUATION SURVEY QUESTIONS Green Spaces for Good 9 » VALUATION SCENARIO ONE: Payment of a monthly subscription to an independent not-for-profit Organisation set up to maintain and preserve all parks and green spaces in the local authority area. » VALUATION SCENARIO TWO: Payment of a monthly subscription to an independent not-for-profit Organisation set up to maintain and preserve their most commonly visited local park or green space (within 1km of their house), assuming that all other parks and green spaces in the local area continued to be funded as normal. Results » Average Willingness to Pay value of £2.60 per month (£31.20/year) to support the maintenance and preservation of all parks and green spaces in their local area Results » Average Willingness to Pay value of £2.52 per month (£30.24/year) to support the maintenance and preservation of the single most commonly visited local park or green space
- 10. 1 2 3 WILLINGNESS TO PAY (WTP) VALUES Green Spaces for Good 10 Establishes the value individuals place on parks and green spaces Total Economic Value to an individual - captures both use and non-use benefits. Welfare weighting demonstrates significant differences between demographics. i. WTP values for all parks and green spaces in the local area ii. WTP values for most commonly visited local park or green space Whole sample Users Non- users Whole sample Users Non- users N 3783 2472 1311 3824 2497 1327 Mean £2.60 £3.03 £1.81 £2.52 £2.98 £1.64 Med- ian £1.25 £1.75 £0.00 £1.25 £2.25 £0.00
- 11. 1 2 3 SOCIAL WELFARE WEIGHTED WTP Green Spaces for Good 11 » Annual value of parks and green spaces increases considerably after income weights are accounted for. » Urban residents WTP increases from £34.68 (unweighted) to £47.16 (welfare weighted). » Lower socio-economic groups’ WTP increases from £24.00 (unweighted) to £51.84 (welfare weighted). » BAME groups’ WTP increases from £36.60 (unweighted) to £70.08 (welfare weighted). AVERAGE £30.24 PER YEAR LOWER SOCIO ECONOMIC GROUPS £51.84 PER YEAR BAME COMMUNITIES £70.08 PER YEAR
- 12. SUBJECTIVE WELLBEING VALUATION Green Spaces for Good 12 » Life satisfaction (one of the ‘ONS Four’ wellbeing measures): » Overall, how satisfied are you with your life nowadays? » The Office for National Statistics now recommends every evaluation of a public service should include wellbeing measures 2-stage analysis » Multivariate regression analysis of statistical association between regular park usage and life satisfaction. » Instrumental variable (IV) on income data at national level (British Household Panel Survey) to find the equivalent amount of money that has the same impact on life satisfaction. » See Dolan and Fujiwara in The Oxford Handbook of Well-Being and Public Policy 2016
- 13. 1 2 AGGREGATED RESULTS Green Spaces for Good 13 WELLBEING VALUE £34.2 BILLION pa NHS COST SAVINGS £111 MILLION pa
- 14. POLICY CONTEXT Green Spaces for Good 14 » Contributing to the national policy debate in a way that we weren’t doing before. “Fields in Trust’s research highlights not only the vital role that outdoor spaces play in improving our health, but also their economic value. Our parks are precious, and I want to improve access to them for everyone – including the young, isolated and the vulnerable. These findings will play an important role in informing how we achieve this goal” Rishi Sunak MP Parks & Green Spaces Minister MHCLG
- 15. POLICY INTO PRACTICE - SIX MONTHS ON Green Spaces for Good 15 » CLG Select Committee Parks Inquiry and MHCLG Parks Action Group » Connecting communities – Civil Society and Loneliness strategies » DEFRA 25 Year Environment plan » DCMS Sporting Futures » DoH Childhood Obesity: A Plan for Action » DoH Prevention better than cure vision » Scottish Government Outcomes: Healthy and active lives; Inclusive communities; Protect and enhance our environment » The Wellbeing of Future Generations – Act of parliament in Wales » Northern Ireland Executive’s ten-year public health strategy
- 16. NEXT STEPS Green Spaces for Good 16 » Developing a Local Valuation Model to apply the welfare weighted WTP values to green space in a local area by » Ethnicity and socio-economic status of the local population » The location (urban/rural) » OS Green Space map launched in 2017 – first time we have baseline data of all public green space » Using GIS software to spatially analyse green space provision and quantify the benefits through WTP values » Influencing - policy into practice » E.g. Public Health - Prevention green paper in 2019, NHS long term plan
- 17. @FieldsInTrustwww.fieldsintrust.org Any Questions? Alison McCann Dr Ricky Lawton